Seismic Resilience of 3D Printed Concrete Structures Parametric Optimization and Real-Scale Experimental Validation

Abstract

The advancement of 3D printed concrete (3DPC) technology offers promising solutions for faster, more efficient, and cost-effective construction, yet its seismic resilience remains underexplored. This study proposes a parametric optimization framework for 3DPC structures by systematically varying layer thickness, infill pattern, and mix design, followed by full-scale shake table testing to evaluate structural performance under simulated earthquake loads. Using a combination of computational modeling and experimental validation, the results indicate that a configuration with a 15 mm layer thickness, gyroid infill, and a 0.38 water-cement ratio yields the highest lateral load resistance and energy dissipation capacity. The close alignment between simulated and experimental data confirms the predictive strength of the parametric model. These findings contribute to establishing a practical and reliable design basis for 3DPC structures in seismically active regions and provide a foundation for future structural code development.