Multi-Criteria Optimization of Rice Husk Ash Mortar Using Entropy–TOPSIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51903/s12mat37Keywords:
Entropy, mortar optimization, multi-criteria decision making, rice husk ash, TOPSISAbstract
The use of supplementary cementitious materials is widely investigated as a strategy for reducing Portland-cement demand; however, mixture selection should account for mechanical, physical, and economic criteria simultaneously. This study evaluated five rice husk ash (RHA) substitution levels (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) using 28-day compressive strength, water absorption, and estimated direct material cost. Entropy weighting was used to quantify the data-driven discriminating power of the three criteria, and TOPSIS was used to compare the alternatives, followed by sensitivity analysis. Among the investigated substitution levels, M10 (10% RHA) produced the highest mean compressive strength (24.60 MPa), the lowest mean water absorption (6.30%), and a 3.91% lower estimated direct material cost than the control. The Entropy-derived weights were 45.49% for water absorption, 43.45% for compressive strength, and 11.06% for cost; these values reflect variability in the five-alternative dataset rather than engineering importance. TOPSIS ranked M10 first (closeness coefficient = 0.9595). A threshold sensitivity analysis showed that M15 overtook M10 only when the cost weight increased to approximately 60.3%, while the remaining weight was distributed between the two technical criteria in their original Entropy proportion. The result therefore identifies M10 as the best-performing mixture among the five investigated substitution levels, not as a global optimum. All compressive-strength and water-absorption values reported in this paper originate from the laboratory tests described in the study.
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